| RFC 1180 (TCP/IP Tutorial) |
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| RFC 1180 (TCP/IP Tutorial) |
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Network Working Group T. SocolofskyRequest for Comments: 1180 C. Kale Spider Systems Limited January 1991 A TCP/IP TutorialStatus of this Memo This RFC is a tutorial on the TCP/IP protocol suite, focusing particularly on the steps in forwarding an IP datagram from source host to destination host through a router. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................ 1 2. TCP/IP Overview............................................. 2 3. Ethernet.................................................... 8 4. ARP......................................................... 9 5. Internet Protocol........................................... 12 6. User Datagram Protocol...................................... 22 7. Transmission Control Protocol............................... 24 8. Network Applications........................................ 25 9. Other Information........................................... 27 10. References.................................................. 27 11. Relation to other RFCs...................................... 27 12. Security Considerations..................................... 27 13. Authors Addresses.......................................... 281. Introduction This tutorial contains only one view of the salient points of TCP/IP, and therefore it is the bare bones of TCP/IP technology. It omits the history of development and funding, the business case for its use, and its future as compared to ISO OSI. Indeed, a great deal of technical information is also omitted. What remains is a minimum of information that must be understood by the professional working in a TCP/IP environment. These professionals include the systems administrator, the systems programmer, and the network manager. This tutorial uses examples from the UNIX TCP/IP environment, however the main points apply across all implementations of TCP/IP. Note that the purpose of this memo is explanation, not definition. If any question arises about the correct specification of a protocol, please refer to the actual standards defining RFC. The next section is an overview of TCP/IP, followed by detailed descriptions of individual components.2. TCP/IP Overview The generic term TCP/IP usually means anything and everything related to the specific protocols of TCP and IP. It can include other protocols, applications, and even the network medium. A sample of these protocols are: UDP, ARP, and ICMP. A sample of these applications are: TELNET, FTP, and rcp. A more accurate term is internet technology. A network that uses internet technology is called an internet.2.1 Basic Structure To understand this technology you must first understand the following logical structure: ---------------------------- | network applications | | | |... \ | / .. \ | / ...| | ----- ----- | | |TCP| |UDP| | | ----- ----- | | \ / | | -------- | | | IP | | | ----- -*------ | | |ARP| | | | ----- | | | \ | | | ------ | | |ENET| | | ---@-- | ----------|----------------- | ----------------------o--------- Ethernet Cable Figure 1. Basic TCP/IP Network Node This is the logical structure of the layered protocols inside a computer on an internet. Each computer that can communicate using internet technology has such a logical structure. It is this logical structure that determines the behavior of the computer on the internet. The boxes represent processing of the data as it passes through the computer, and the lines connecting boxes show the path of data. The horizontal line at the bottom represents the Ethernet cable; the o is the transceiver. The * is the IP address and the @ is the Ethernet address. Understanding this logical structure is [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页
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| 原始作者:佚名 |
录入时间:2006-12-26 2:25:19 |
| 信息来源:不详 |
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